Arabic and Persian seals and amulets in the British Museum

1. Verfasser: Porter, Venetia , [VerfasserIn]
Weitere Verfasser: Bhandare, Shailendra , [MitwirkendeR]
Hoyland, Robert G., 1966- , [MitwirkendeR]
Morton, A. H. , [MitwirkendeR]
Ambers, J. , [MitwirkendeR]
Ort/Verlag/Jahr: London : British Museum, 2011.
Umfang/Format: viii, 202 pages : illustrations (chiefly color) ; 30 cm.
Schriftenreihe: Research publication (British Museum) no. 160
ISBN: 9780861591602
0861591607
Schlagworte:
British Museum > Catalogs.
Seals (Numismatics) > Islamic countries > Catalogs.
Amulets > Islamic countries > Catalogs.
Inscriptions, Persian > Catalogs.
Inscriptions, Arabic > Catalogs.
Inhaltsangabe:
  • Seal practice in the Islamic world
  • Terminology
  • Byzantine practice and influence
  • Islam: the Prophet's seal
  • The diwan al-khatim: the 'office of the seal' and the Sasanian legacy
  • Sasanian royal seals
  • The relationship between Sasanian and early Islamic seals
  • Seals of the caliphs as described by medieval authors
  • Early Islamic lead and bronze seals: form and function
  • The study of lead seals
  • The terms 'kura' and 'iqlim'
  • Seals on Arabic papyri and clay discs
  • Clay tokens or receipts
  • Personal seals: literary references
  • Figural representation on early seals
  • From the tenth century: the 'alama and ink seals
  • The Safavid period: seal impressions, royal and personal seals
  • Indo-Muslim seals of the seventeenth-nineteenth centuries
  • Features of Indo-Muslim seals
  • Seal practice under the Ottomans
  • Forgery
  • Seal engravers
  • Parallels between coins and seals
  • Seals and amulets from archaeological sites
  • Style and content of the early seals
  • Definition of scripts
  • Epigraphy and dating
  • Grammatical and orthographic features
  • Rhyming assonantal inscriptions and parallels with coins
  • Ornamentation
  • Shapes and mounts
  • Names
  • Phrases
  • Later seals
  • Provenance
  • Dates on seals
  • Scope and arrangement of the catalogue
  • Arabic
  • Recording the inscription
  • Trransliteration
  • Qur'an and Hadith references
  • The British Museum collection
  • Table 1 Epigraphic Styles on Seals
  • Table 2 Ornamentation
  • Table 3 Shapes and Mounts
  • 1. Clay, bronze and lead sealings c. eighth-tenth centuries
  • Clay sealings
  • Bronze sealing
  • Lead sealings from Syria, Palestine and North Africa
  • Eastern Islamic world: Abbasid and Buyid sealings
  • Dulafid sealings
  • 2. Names
  • 3. Names and phrases
  • al-i'tisam billah ('seeking refuge in God')
  • al-thiqa billah ('trust in God')
  • al-tawakkul 'ala Allah ('reliance on God')
  • dhikr al-mawt ('remembrance of death')
  • lillah/billah ('by' or 'for God')
  • shukr lillah ('thanks to God')
  • waliAllah ('the friend of God')
  • The basmala and the shahada
  • al-'izzatu lillah ('glory to God') and various phrases
  • 4. Phrases
  • Verses from the Qur'an
  • Allah rabbi, Allah nasihi ('Cod is my Lord and my counsel')
  • Phrases from the root amana and sabara
  • The basmala ('in the name of God')
  • billah/lillah ('by, through, or unto God') and other phrases
  • tub na lillah ('we have repented to God') or sha'a Allah ('God wills')
  • ta'ala Allah ('God is exalted' or 'God is ever almighty')
  • tawakkul tukfa ('rely [on God]'; 'trust or confidence [in God] will suffice you')
  • al-hamdu lillah ('Praise be to God')
  • hasbi Allah ('God is sufficient for me')
  • al-haya' min al-iman ('modesty is [a part of] faith')
  • al-hukm lillah ('judgement belongs to God')
  • li kull ajal kitab ('for each period a book is revealed')
  • la ilaha illa Allah ('there is no god but God')
  • masha'a Allah ('as God wills', and associated phrases)
  • ma tawfiqi illa billah ('and my success can only come from God')
  • man l'tasam billah ('whoever holds firmly to God')
  • man katama sirrahu ('he who keeps his secret')
  • al-mawt ('death')
  • al-mulk lillah ('sovereignty belongs to God')
  • nawal allah ('gift from God')
  • subhan Allah ('glory to God')
  • al-sabr ('patience')
  • al-'izz/al-'izza lillah ('glory / honour / might / power belongs to God')
  • 'inayat al-irada ('watchfulness of God's will')
  • al-wafa ('loyalty')
  • al-jalal lillah ('glory belongs to God')
  • Single words
  • ihfaz ('guard or preserve')
  • al-'ala or al-'ali ('nobility 'or 'the most high')
  • Phrases with makkana ('establish, enable, give strength')
  • Various phrases and supplications (du'a')
  • Muhammad and 'All
  • The Twelve Imams
  • St George and the dragon
  • Poetic texts
  • Uncertain phrases
  • 5. Re-engraved seals and seals with Arabic inscriptions on both sides
  • Re-engraved ancient seals
  • Seals with Arabic inscriptions engraved on both sides
  • 6. Seals c. fourteenth century and later
  • Seals with personal names and benedictory inscriptions or names of the Fourteen Immacutates
  • Seals with names alone
  • Seals inscribed in Persian
  • 7. Dated seals
  • Stone dated seals
  • Stone seals with only two or three numerals
  • Brass dated seals
  • Brass seals with only two or three numerals
  • 8. Indo-Muslim and miscellaneous seals
  • A. Servants of the court and the Emperor
  • Seals of officials (the phrase banda-i dargah + regnal year or regnal yearon its own)
  • Name and regnal year only
  • B. Dated seals, officials or private individuals arranged chronologically
  • Hijra and AD dates
  • Three numerals only
  • Vikram Samvat era
  • Undated seals
  • C. Forgeries of royal seals
  • D. Seals made for Europeans and officials serving in India
  • E. Miscellaneous seals: foreign residents of Iran
  • 9. Amulets: Introduction
  • Positive and negative amulets
  • Amulets and the place of magic in Islam
  • The relationship between amulet maker and client
  • Magicalliterature
  • Inscriptions on amulets
  • The importance of the Qur'an on amulets
  • The 'Names of God'
  • Arrangement of this part of the catalogue
  • Table 4 The Abjad System
  • Table 5 The Names of God
  • Table 6 The Fourteen Immaculates
  • 9. Catalogue of Amulets
  • 'Names of God'
  • The basmala and the shahada
  • Verses from the Qur'an
  • Short passages from the Qur'an
  • The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus
  • a'udhu bi-jalal Allah ('I seek protection in the glory of God' etc.)
  • Supplications to God
  • God, the Prophet Muhammad and his family, and the Twelve Imams
  • The Fourteen Immaculates
  • A group of gold amulets
  • Three cameo glass amulets
  • Dated amulets
  • Letters, symbols, numbers, strange words, magic squares and the abjad system
  • Magical squares
  • The 'mysterious' letters of the Qur'an
  • The seven magical signs
  • The angels
  • Amulets with engraving errors: authentic or not?
  • Brass amulets inscribed in negative
  • Spinning rings
  • Talismanic discs and the 'lunette script'
  • Magical words, mixed numbers and letters
  • 'Linear Kuflc'
  • Rock crystal seals inscribed in 'linear Kufic'
  • Lions and scorpions
  • Identification of the Materials of the Seals and Amulets / Janet Ambers
  • Introduction
  • Methodology
  • Materials
  • Bibliography
  • Methods of Engraving / Nigel Meeks
  • Introduction and methods of examination
  • Observations and Interpretations
  • Concluding remarks
  • Bibliography
  • Bibliography
  • Online references
  • Concordances
  • Concordance of catalogue numbers and British Museum registration numbers: seals
  • Concordance of catalogue numbers and British Museum registration numbers: amulets
  • Concordance of British Museum registration numbers with catalogue numbers.

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