Seafaring expeditions to Punt in the Middle Kingdom : excavations at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis, Egypt
| 1. Verfasser: |
Bard, Kathryn A.
, [VerfasserIn]
Fattovich, Rodolfo , [VerfasserIn] |
|---|---|
| Ort/Verlag/Jahr: |
Leiden ; Boston :
Brill,
2018.
|
| Umfang/Format: |
xvi, 233 pages : illustrations, maps ; 24 cm. |
| Schriftenreihe: |
Culture and history of the ancient Near East ;
96 |
| Schlagworte: | |
Inhaltsangabe:
- Egyptian Long-distance Trade, Pharaonic Expeditions and Direct Control of Sources of Raw Materials in Northeast Africa and the Sinai in the Middle Kingdom
- Introduction
- Mining Turquoise and Copper in the Sinai
- The Harbor Site at Ayn Soukhna
- Mining Galena at Gebel Zeit
- Mining Gold and Quarrying Stone in the Wadi Hammamat
- Nubian Resources and Egyptian Occupation
- The Harbor at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis
- Archaeological Investigations at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis
- The Pharaonic Harbor at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis
- Archaeological Investigations at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis
- Evidence of Ships and Cargo Boxes
- Sealings, Stelae and Ostraca
- Ceramics
- Stone Tools
- Plant and Animal Remains
- Environmental Context of the Harbor Site
- Chronology of the Harbor Site
- Summary : Archaeological and Geological Investigations at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis
- Spatial Use of the Mersa/Wadi Gawasis Harbor in the 12th Dynasty
- Overview
- The Eastern Terrace
- The Harbor
- ^Central Terrace and Western Terrace Top
- Western Terrace Slope
- Western Terrace Slope, North
- Western Terrace Slope, South
- Caves 2 and 3
- Cave 5
- Cave 7 and the Alcove Shrine
- Harbor Edge
- Production Area
- Ramps (slipways?)
- Western Terrace, Southern Slope
- Beach Area above the Harbor
- Stelae Associated with the Gallery-Caves
- Spatial Organization of the Harbor of Saww Compared to the Harbors at Ayn Soukhna and Wadi El-Jarf
- Organization of Mersa/Wadi Gawasis Seafaring Expeditions in the 12th Dynasty : The Textual Evidence
- Textual Evidence at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis
- Stelae
- Cargo Box Inscriptions
- Sealings and Papyri
- Ostraca
- Two Wooden Tags
- Dates of Known Expeditions Based on Textual Evidence
- Translation by Eugene Cruz-Uribe of the Hieroglyphic Text of the Ankhu Stela (Eastern Jamb, Central Block, and Western Jamb) Found at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis by A.M. Sayed and Recorded in These Articles
- ^Organization of Seafaring Expeditions from Mersa/Wadi Gawasis in the 12th Dynasty : Archaeological Evidence at the Harbor
- Archaeological Evidence of Seafaring Expeditions at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis
- Shipbuilding
- Ship Technology
- Ship Wood
- Cargo Boxes
- Rope/Ship Rigging
- Linen : Ship Sails, Caulking(?), and Clothing
- Copper Alloy Strips for Ship Timber Fastenings
- Other Expedition Supplies: Clothing, Footwear, Camp Furnishings
- Egyptian Ceramics at the Harbor Site
- Non-Egyptian Ceramics at the Harbor Site
- Shelter for Expedition Members
- Food Supplies and Storage, Food Processing and Baking/Cooking
- Local Production of Stone Tools
- Non-Egyptian Stone Tools at the Harbor Site
- Summary
- Appendix : Bread Baking Experiments
- Ancient Egyptian Bread Making
- Evidence of Bread Making at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis
- Experimenting with Middle Kingdom Bread Making
- Conclusions
- ^Interpreting Ideology at Saww : Ritual Practices, Memorial Shrines, and Commemorative Stelae
- Ceremonial Shrines and Commemorative Stelae at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis
- Shrines Constructed along the Red Sea Coast
- Shrines/Monuments on the Terrace Top Overlooking Wadi Gawasis
- The Alcove Shrine along the Western Terrace Slope
- Stelae
- Stelae in Monumental Structures
- Stelae at Mersa Gawasis
- Stelae Placed in Niches Carved in the Western Terrace Wall
- Use of Stelae at Saww
- Mersa/Wadi Gawasis Stelae and the Gods
- Archaeology of Ritual and Religion at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis
- The Land of Punt : A View from Mersa/Wadi Gawasis
- Punt and Mersa/Wadi Gawasis
- The Land of Punt : Egyptian Evidence
- Location of Punt : Natural Resources (Figure 41)
- The Land of Punt : Cultural Evidence (Figure 43)
- Punt and Bia-Punt, and the Evidence from Mersa/Wadi Gawasis : Inscriptions
- Punt and the Evidence from Mersa/WadiGawasis : Paleoethnobotanical Remains and Lithics
- ^Punt and the Evidence from Mersa/Wadi Gawasis : Exotic Ceramics
- Location of Bia-Punt and Punt: Ceramic Evidence at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis
- Long-distance Routes Involved in the Punt Expeditions
- Routes from Egypt to Punt/Bia-Punt
- The Levant and Maritime Trade with Punt
- Land Routes from the Nile Valley to the Red Sea Coast
- Sea Route to and from the Southern Red Sea
- Land Routes in Punt/Bia-Punt
- Maritime Expeditions to Punt/Bia-Punt
- The 12th Dynasty Punt/Bia-Punt Expeditions from Mersa/Wadi Gawasis.
