Tree Rings and Natural Hazards : A State-Of-The-Art.

1. Verfasser: Stoffel, Markus
Weitere Verfasser: Bollschweiler, Michelle
Butler, David R.
Luckman, Brian H.
Ort/Verlag/Jahr: Dordrecht : Springer, 2010.
Umfang/Format: 1 online resource (485 pages).
Schriftenreihe: Advances in Global Change Research Ser. v.41
ISBN: 9789048187362
Schlagworte:
Dendrochronology.;Natural disasters.
Electronic books.
Parallelausgabe: Tree Rings and Natural Hazards : A State-Of-The-Art (Print version:)
Online-Zugang: Available online
Inhaltsangabe:
  • Advances in Global Change Research
  • Foreword
  • References
  • Tree Rings and Natural Hazards: An Introduction
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Natural Hazards, Disasters and Risk: Some Definitions
  • 3 Tree Rings and Natural Hazards
  • 3.1 Basic Patterns of Tree Growth
  • 3.2 How Do Natural Hazards Affect Tree Growth?
  • 3.2.1 Wounding of Trees (Scars) and Resin-Duct Formation
  • 3.2.2 Tilting of Trunks
  • 3.2.3 Trunk Burial
  • 3.2.4 Decapitation of Trees and Elimination of Branches
  • 3.2.5 Root Exposure and Damage
  • 3.2.6 Elimination of Neighboring Trees
  • 3.2.7 Colonization of Landforms After Surface-Clearing Disturbances
  • 3.3 Sampling Design and Laboratory Analyses
  • 3.3.1 Field Approach and Sampling Design
  • 3.3.2 Laboratory Procedures: Sample Preparation and Analysis
  • 4 The Organization of This Book
  • References
  • Dendrogeomorphology and Snow Avalanche Research
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 The Nature of Snow Avalanches
  • 3 Location and Distribution
  • 4 Evidence of Avalanche Activity
  • 5 Developing Avalanche Chronologies
  • 6 Final Remarks
  • References
  • Tree-Ring Dating of Snow Avalanches in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Glacier National Park Study Area
  • 3 Tree-Ring Features Analyzed for Dating Snow Avalanches
  • 4 Tree-Ring Analysis of Snow Avalanches in Glacier National Park
  • 5 Implications for the Avalanche Climatology of the Region
  • 6 Initial Observations on Traumatic Resin Ducts and Their Use for Dating Snow Avalanches in Glacier National Park
  • 7 Conclusion
  • References
  • Tracking Past Snow Avalanches in the SE Pyrenees
  • References
  • Tree-Ring Based Reconstruction of Past Snow Avalanche Events and Risk Assessment in Northern Gaspé Peninsula (Québec, Canada)
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 The Study Area
  • 3 Methods
  • 3.1 Site Selection, Sampling Design and Laboratory Analysis
  • 3.1.1 Site Selection.
  • 3.1.2 Sampling
  • 3.1.3 Laboratory Analysis
  • 3.2 Statistical Treatments of Tree-Ring Data Sets
  • 3.2.1 Scree Slopes in Low-Elevated Coastal Valleys
  • 3.2.2 Highlands of the Chic-Chocs Mountains
  • 3.3 Return Interval and Annual Probability
  • 4 Results
  • 4.1 Low-Elevation Coastal Valleys
  • 4.1.1 Snow-Avalanche Regime on Active Scree Slopes
  • 4.1.2 Snow-Avalanche Activity on Treed Slopes After Fire and Logging Disturbances
  • 4.2 Snow-Avalanche Regime in the Highlands of the Chic-Chocs Range
  • 4.2.1 Reconstructed Tree-Ring Local Avalanche Record
  • 4.2.2 Chronology of Regional Snow Avalanche Activity
  • 4.3 Risk Assessment
  • 4.3.1 Scree Slopes in Coastal Valleys
  • 4.3.2 Alpine-Subalpine Avalanche-Prone Areas
  • 5 Discussion
  • 5.1 Comparison of Snow-Avalanche Regime Between Scree-Slopes in Low-Elevated Coastal Valleys and Alpine-Subalpine Highlands
  • 5.2 Methodological Issues and Quality of the Data
  • 5.2.1 Tree-Ring Reconstruction of High-Magnitude Snow Avalanches or Extreme Events?
  • 5.2.2 What Are the Best Indicators of Past Snow Avalanche Activity?
  • 5.2.3 What Are the Optimum and Minimum Sample Sizes?
  • 5.2.4 What Is the Minimum Number of Tree-Ring Responses for Past Avalanche Event Identification?
  • 5.3 Risk Assessment: The Contribution of Dendrogeomorphology
  • 6 Conclusion
  • References
  • Using Dendrochronology to Validate Numerical Simulations of Snow Avalanches in the Patagonian Andes
  • References
  • Dating Landslides with Trees
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Landslides
  • 3 Dating Landslides with Trees
  • 4 Concluding Remarks
  • References
  • Dendrogeomorphological Analysis of a Landslide near Lago, Calabria (Italy)
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Study Site
  • 3 Material and Methods
  • 3.1 Sampling Strategy
  • 3.2 Dendrochronological Analysis
  • 4 Results
  • 4.1 Stem Tilting
  • 4.2 Tree-Growth Curves and Growth Suppression.
  • 4.3 Visual Analysis of Growth Anomaly
  • 4.4 Correlation Between Growth Anomaly Events and Geological Causes
  • 5 Discussion and Conclusion
  • References
  • Tree-Ring Analysis and Rockfall Avalanches: The Use of Weighted Samples
  • References
  • Age of Landslides Along the Grande Rivière de la Baleine Estuary, Eastern Coast of Hudson Bay, Quebec (Canada)
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Study Area
  • 3 Methods
  • 4 Results
  • 4.1 Landslides from the Upstream Sector
  • 4.2 Landslides from the Downstream Sector
  • 4.3 Tree Regeneration in Landslides E, F, and G
  • 5 Discussion
  • 5.1 Recent Landslides
  • 5.2 Ancient Landslides
  • 6 Conclusions
  • References
  • Rainfall Up, Mountain Down?
  • References
  • Rockfalls and Their Hazard
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 The Mechanics of Rockfalls
  • 3 Rockfall Modelling and Hazard Assessment
  • 4 Research Needs and the Potential Contribution of Tree-Ring Analysis
  • References
  • Assessing Rockfall Activity in a Mountain Forest - Implications for Hazard Assessment
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Study Site
  • 3 Methods
  • 3.1 Sampling Strategy
  • 3.2 Tree-Ring Analysis of Trees Damaged by Rockfall
  • 3.3 Assessing Rockfall Rates
  • 3.4 Seasonality of Rockfall
  • 4 Results
  • 4.1 Age Structure of the Forest Stand
  • 4.2 Visible Defects and Growth Reactions to Rockfall Impacts
  • 4.3 Spatial Distribution of Growth Disturbances
  • 4.4 Rockfall Magnitudes and Frequencies
  • 4.5 Decadal Variations in Rockfall Activity
  • 4.6 Seasonality of Rockfall
  • 5 Discussion and Conclusions
  • References
  • Tree-Ring Based Rockfall Reconstruction and Accuracy Assessment of a 3D Rockfall Model
  • References
  • Assessment of the Rockfall Frequency for Hazard Analysis at Solà d'Andorra (Eastern Pyrenees)
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 The Study Site
  • 2.1 Setting
  • 2.2 Historical Record of Rockfalls
  • 2.3 Forest Characteristics
  • 3 Tree Sampling Strategies.
  • 3.1 Defining a Basic Strategy for Effectively Developing a Complete Record
  • 4 Frequency Assessment: Interpretation of the Chronology of Tree Damage
  • 4.1 Determining the Number of Rockfall Events
  • 4.2 Determining the Time Interval
  • 5 Rockfall Frequency Down the Talus
  • 6 Are the Sampled Strips Wide Enough?
  • 7 Probability of Falling Rocks Impacting Trees
  • 7.1 Approach to the Impact Probability
  • 7.2 Calculation of CIP of the Alzina Talus
  • 8 Conclusions
  • References
  • Reconstruction and Spatial Analysis of Rockfall Frequency and Bounce Heights Derived from Tree Rings
  • References
  • State of the Art in Debris-Flow Research: The Role of Dendrochronology
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 What are Debris Flows?
  • 2 A Brief Summary of the State of Debris Flow Science
  • 2.1 Debris Flow Mechanics
  • 2.2 Scour in Colluvial Channels/Fans
  • 2.3 Frequency-Magnitude Relationships
  • 2.4 Debris Flow Forecasting and Warning Systems
  • 2.5 Debris Flows and Wildfire
  • 2.6 Debris Flow Mitigation
  • 2.7 Debris Flows and Climate Change
  • References
  • Using Event and Minimum Age Dating for the Assessment of Hazards on a Debris-Flow Cone
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Study Site
  • 3 Methods
  • 3.1 Geomorphic Mapping and Sampling Strategy
  • 3.2 Dating of Debris-Flow Events
  • 3.3 Minimum Age Dating
  • 3.4 Determination of Last Date of Activity in a Channel
  • 4 Results
  • 4.1 Geomorphic Mapping
  • 4.2 Growth Disturbances and Debris-Flow Frequency
  • 4.3 Approximation of Last Moment of Past Activity
  • 5 Discussion and Conclusions
  • References
  • Dendrogeomorphic Applications to Debris Flows in Glacier National Park, Montana USA
  • References
  • Frequency-Magnitude Relationships, Seasonality and Spread of Debris Flows on a Forested Cone
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Study Area
  • 3 Material and Methods
  • 3.1 Geomorphic Mapping of Debris-Flow Channels and Deposits.
  • 3.2 Sampling Design
  • 3.3 Debris-Flow Frequency and Timing of Events
  • 3.4 Dating of Deposits and Spatial Spread of Events
  • 3.5 Magnitude-Frequency Relationships of Debris Flows
  • 4 Results
  • 4.1 Debris-Flow Features and Deposits
  • 4.2 Age and Growth Disturbances in Trees
  • 4.3 Debris-Flow Frequency and Timing of Events
  • 4.4 Dating of Deposits and Spatial Spread of Events
  • 4.5 Frequency-Magnitude Relationships
  • 5 Discussion and Conclusions
  • References
  • High-Precision Dating of Debris-Flow Events Within the Growing Season
  • 1 Introduction
  • References
  • Tree Rings as Paleoflood and Paleostage Indicators
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Flood Evidence in Tree Rings
  • 3 Strengths, Limitations and Future Directions
  • References
  • The Effects of Hydroelectric Flooding on a Reservoir's Peripheral Forests and Newly Created Forested Islands
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Study Site
  • 3 Methods
  • 4 Results
  • 4.1 The Reservoir's Effects on the Temperature and Wind Regime
  • 4.2 Effects of the Reservoir on Tree Growth and Ring Density
  • 4.3 Frost Rings and the Phenological Delay of Tree Growth on the Islands
  • 4.4 Trees Destabilized by the Wind
  • 4.5 The New Insular Nival Regime and MechanicalDamage to Pre-established Trees
  • 5 Discussion and Conclusions
  • References
  • Spring Water Levels Reconstructed from Ice-Scarred Trees and Cross-Sectional Area of the Earlywood Vessels in Tree Rings from
  • References
  • A 100-Year History of Floods Determined from Tree Rings in a Small Mountain Stream in the Tatra Mountains, Poland
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Study Site
  • 3 Material and Methods
  • 4 Results
  • 5 Discussion
  • 6 Conclusions
  • References
  • Dendrohydrology and Extreme Floods Along the Red River, Canada
  • References
  • Part VII
  • Weather and Climate Extremes: Where Can Dendrochronology Help?
  • 1 Introduction.
  • 2 What Are Extreme Events, Where Do They Come from, and Why Are They Important?.

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