Inhaltsangabe: Good Practice in Archaeological Diagnostics :

Good Practice in Archaeological Diagnostics : Non-Invasive Survey of Complex Archaeological Sites.

1. Verfasser:	Corsi, Cristina.
Weitere Verfasser:	Slapšak, Božidar. Vermeulen, Frank.
Ort/Verlag/Jahr:	Cham : Springer, 2014.
Ausgabe:	1st ed.
Umfang/Format:	1 online resource (339 pages).
Schriftenreihe:	Natural science in archaeology
Schlagworte:	Social sciences.;Physical geography.;Remote sensing.;Archaeology. Electronic books.
Parallelausgabe:	Good Practice in Archaeological Diagnostics : Non-Invasive Survey of Complex Archaeological Sites (Print version:)
Online Zugang:	Available online

Inhaltsangabe:

Intro
Contents
1: Good Practice in Archaeological Diagnostics: An Introduction
1.1 Making a 'Radiography' of the Past
1.2 Data Acquisition Versus Understanding
1.3 A Question of Integration
1.4 Size Matters
1.5 The Fourth Dimension
References
Part I: Remote Sensing
2: Aerial Photography in Archaeology
2.1 Historical Overview and Assessment
2.2 Aerial Photography Techniques
2.3 Principles of Archaeological Photo-Interpretation
2.4 Genesis and Classification of Archaeological Traces
2.4.1 Damp-Marks
2.4.2 Grass-Weed-Crop-Marks
2.4.3 Soil-Marks
2.4.4 Shadow Sites
2.4.5 Topographical Anomalies
2.4.6 Legacy Marks
References
3: Undistorting the Past: New Techniques for Orthorectification of Archaeological Aerial Frame Imagery
3.1 Aerial Archaeological Frame Footage: An Introduction and Overview
3.1.1 One Hundred Years of Status Quo
3.1.2 The Vertical Debate
3.1.3 The Rise of the Unmanned Machines
3.1.4 The Mapping Paradigm
3.2 Aerial Frames Offer Deformed Views
3.2.1 (Digital) Aerial Images
3.2.2 Optical Distortions
3.2.3 Tilt Displacement
3.2.4 Relief Displacement
3.2.5 Georeferencing and Geometric Correction
3.3 A New Workflow
3.3.1 SfM + MVS Pipeline
3.3.1.1 Image Acquisition
3.3.1.2 Feature Detection
3.3.1.3 Feature Description
3.3.1.4 Descriptor Matching and Pairwise Image Orientation (Fundamental Matrices)
3.3.1.5 Triangulation
3.3.1.6 Bundle Adjustment
3.3.1.7 Defining a Coordinate Reference System
3.3.1.8 Dense Multi-view Stereo (MVS)
3.3.1.9 Georeferenced 3D Model and Orthophoto
3.3.2 Tools
3.3.2.1 Software
3.3.2.2 Hardware
3.4 Case Studies
3.4.1 Trea (Italy)
3.4.2 Kreuttal Region (Austria)
3.4.3 Pitaranha (Portugal-Spain)
Conclusion
References.
4: Roman Urban Survey: The Mapping and Monitoring of Complex Settlement Sites with Active Aerial Photography
4.1 Introduction: Surveying Abandoned Roman Towns
4.2 Discovery and Monitoring
4.3 Mapping, Interpretation and Integration
4.4 The Potenza Valley Towns from the Air
Conclusion
References
5: Integrated Approach for Archaeological Prospection Exploiting Airborne Hyperspectral Remote Sensing
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Overview of Remote Sensing for Archaeological Prospection
5.1.2 Background Literature on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing
5.2 Integrated Approach for Archaeological Prospection
5.2.1 Selinunte Archaeological Park
5.2.2 Mothia and Marsala Archaeological Areas
5.2.3 Arpi Archaeological Site
5.2.4 Albanian Archaeological Site
5.3 Integration Data, Results and Methodologies for Archaeological Prospection
5.3.1 Integration Data for Archaeological Prospection
5.3.2 Comparison and Appending of the Results for Archaeological Prospection
5.3.3 Exportation of the Characteristic Methods of Each Datum, Technique and Application for Employing with Other Datum, Techniques and Applications for Archaeological Prospection
5.4 Evaluation and Ranking the Results of Integrated Approach
5.4.1 Image Obtained by Integrated Approach
5.4.2 Methods to Evaluate and Rank the Image Obtained by the Integrated Approach
5.5 Results
5.5.1 The Quality of Images Collected by Each Sensor
5.5.2 The Capability of the Merged Images
5.5.3 The Capability of the Synthetic Images
Conclusion
References
6: Skin Deep: LiDAR and Good Practice of Landscape Archaeology
6.1 Introduction
6.2 What Do We Do?
6.3 LiDAR as an Inscription Device
6.4 LiDAR as Topography
6.5 How to Read Traces?
6.6 Time and Palimpsests
Conclusion
References.
Part II: Geophysics
7: Magnetic Exploration of Archaeological Sites
7.1 A Basic Overview of a Magnetic Survey
7.2 Is the Archaeological Site Suitable for a Magnetic Survey?
7.3 Examples of Magnetic Surveys
7.4 Selecting a Magnetometer
7.5 Field Procedures
7.6 Data Processing and Display
7.7 Interpretation of Magnetic Maps
7.8 The Geophysical Report
7.9 Excavations
7.10 The Technical Side of Geophysics
7.11 Sources of Information
References
8: Earth Resistance Survey: A Mature Archaeological Geophysics Method for Archaeology
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Principles of Earth Resistance Surveys
8.3 Typical Resistance Features in Classical Archaeology
8.4 Filters in Earth Resistance Interpretation
8.5 Future Developments of Earth Resistance Surveys
References
9: Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR)
9.1 Brief Historical Review
9.2 Brief Note on Principle and Systems
9.3 Basic 3D Imaging
9.4 3D GPR Methodologies for Archaeological Prospection
9.4.1 Standard 3D Surveying or Pseudo 3D
9.4.2 Full-Resolution or True 3D or Ultradense 3D Surveying
9.4.3 Other Methodologies
9.4.4 Best Practices
9.5 Current State-of-the-Art Technology: Multichannel Array Systems
Conclusions
References
10: Interpretation and Guidelines for Reporting
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Interpretation of Geophysical Data
10.2.1 Basic Principles
10.2.2 A Priori Information
10.2.3 Magnetic Data
10.2.4 GPR Data
10.2.5 Electrical Resistivity Data
10.2.6 Typical Interpretation Pitfalls
10.3 Survey Reports
10.3.1 Structure of Survey Reports
10.3.2 Description of Methodology
10.3.3 Presentation of Survey Results
10.3.4 Data Archiving
References
Part III: Topographic and Geoarchaeological Surveys
11: Intra-site Artefact Surveys.
11.1 The Development of Survey Methodology
11.2 Collection Size
11.3 What Is Being Collected?
11.4 Ancillary Aids to Surface Ceramic Survey
11.5 Case Studies
Conclusions
References
12: Site Discovery and Evaluation Through Minimal Interventions: Core Sampling, Test Pits and Trial Trenches
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Minimal Interventions
12.3 Minimal Interventions and Site Discovery
12.3.1 Intersection Probability
12.3.2 Detection Probability
12.3.3 Optimal Strategies for Site Discovery
12.4 Minimal Interventions and Site Evaluation
12.5 Minimal Interventions and Non-invasive Techniques
12.5.1 Survey Techniques and Heritage Management Systems
12.5.2 Combining Invasive and Non-invasive Techniques: On the Way to Best Practice
References
13: Creating and Analysing Digital Terrain Models for Archaeological Research
13.1 Digital Terrain Models: A Definition
13.2 Data Acquisition
13.2.1 Methods for Data Acquisition
13.2.1.1 Total Station
13.2.1.2 GNSS Receivers
How Does It Work?
13.2.1.3 Digital Photogrammetry
13.2.1.4 Secondary Data Sources
13.2.2 Interpolation
13.2.2.1 Types of Interpolation Methods
Raster Model Based
Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW)
Kriging
Splines
Vector Model Based
Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)
Interpolation from Contour Lines
13.3 How Do We Use Models for Archaeological Research?
References
14: The Geoarchaeological Approach
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Rise of a Concept
14.3 General Principles of the Geoarchaeological Approach
14.4 In-Site and Off-Site Studies
14.5 Prior to Any Geoarchaeological Study
14.6 The Stages of the Geoarchaeological Approach
14.7 The Contribution of Geomorphology to the Geoarchaeological Approach
Conclusion
References.
Part IV: Visualisation and Site Management
15: Implementing Best Practice in Cultural Heritage Visualisation: The London Charter
15.1 The London Charter for the Computer-Based Visualisation of Cultural Heritage (Version 2.1, 2009)
15.1.1 Preamble
15.1.2 Objectives
15.1.3 Principles
15.1.3.1 Principle 1: Implementation
15.1.3.2 Principle 2: Aims and Methods
15.1.3.3 Principle 3: Research Sources
15.1.3.4 Principle 4: Documentation
Enhancing Practice
Documentation of Knowledge Claims
Documentation of Research Sources
Documentation of Process (Paradata)
Documentation of Methods
Documentation of Dependency Relationships
Documentation Formats and Standards
15.1.3.5 Principle 5: Sustainability
15.1.3.6 Principle 6: Access
15.2 Commentary on the London Charter
15.2.1 Preamble and Objectives
15.2.1.1 Principle 1: Implementation
15.2.1.2 Principle 2: Aims and Methods
15.2.1.3 Principle 3: Research Sources
15.2.1.4 Principle 4: Documentation
15.2.1.5 Principle 5: Sustainability
15.2.1.6 Principle 6: Access
References
16: International Guidelines for Virtual Archaeology: The Seville Principles
16.1 Virtual Archaeology: Definition and Term
16.2 Historical Background to the Creation of an International Charter of Virtual Archaeology
16.3 Principles of the Charter
16.3.1 Principle 1: Interdisciplinarity
16.3.2 Principle 2: Purpose
16.3.3 Principle 3: Complementarity
16.3.4 Principle 4: Authenticity
16.3.5 Principle 5: Historical Rigour
16.3.6 Principle 6: Efficiency
16.3.7 Principle 7: Scientific Transparency
16.3.8 Principle 8: Training and Evaluation
16.4 Definitions
References
17: Reconstructing Past Landscapes for Virtual Museums
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Uncertainty Towards Transparency.
17.2.1 Virtual Museums and Virtual Archaeology Survey.

Good Practice in Archaeological Diagnostics : Non-Invasive Survey of Complex Archaeological Sites.

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