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|a 9783030483890
|q (electronic bk.)
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|z 9783030483883
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|a QA1-939
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|a Mathematics, administrative and economic activities in ancient worlds /
|c Cécile Michel, Karine Chemla (editors).
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|a Cham :
|b Springer International Publishing AG,
|c 2020.
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|c ©2020.
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|a 1 online resource (560 pages)
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|b txt
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|a online resource
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|a Why the Sciences of the Ancient World Matter Ser. ;
|v v.5
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|a Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2020. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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|a Intro -- Contents -- 1 Mathematics, Administrative and Economic Activities in Ancient Worlds: An Introduction -- Abstract -- 1.1 The Project of the Book -- 1.2 The Sources for the Book, the Numerical Data They Contain and Mathematical Practices -- 1.2.1 A Documentation Yielded Through Excavations: Cuneiform Texts of Practice -- 1.2.2 Cuneiform Scholarly Texts and Their Relation with Texts of Practice -- 1.2.3 Articulating Handed Down Sources and Excavated Documents: The Case of Chinese Texts -- 1.2.4 Working Mainly with Handed Down Sources: The Documentation in Sanskrit -- 1.2.5 For the Sake of Comparison: Some Late Medieval Manuscripts -- 1.3 Types of Tasks, Types of Actors and Contexts -- 1.3.1 State Administrations -- 1.3.2 The Diversity of Contexts and Their Relationship with Each Other -- 1.4 Mathematical Writings, Regulations, Laws and Norms -- 1.4.1 The Language of Numerical Values -- 1.4.2 The Language of Technical Terms, of Operations and of the Shape of Quantities -- 1.4.3 A Clear-Cut Case Showing the Links Between Legal and Mathematical Texts -- 1.5 Quantifying Spatial Extension, Quantifying Work -- 1.5.1 The Use of Mathematics in Carrying Out Quantification -- 1.5.2 How and Why Were Different Measurement Units for Volumes Used Conjointly? -- 1.6 Quantifying Land and Surfaces -- 1.6.1 How Approximations Shed Light on Practices of Computation -- 1.6.2 Shedding Light on the Diversity of Mathematical Practices -- 1.7 Prices, Rates, Loans and Interest -- 1.7.1 Using Values of Different Mathematical Nature and Using Them Differently -- 1.7.2 Identifying Different Cultures of Computation Through the Way Quantities Are Handled -- 1.7.3 Identifying Different Cultures of Computation Through Ways of Organizing Knowledge -- References -- Part I Mathematical Writings, Regulations, Laws and Norms.
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|a 2 A Comparative Study of Prices and Wages in Royal Inscriptions, Administrative Texts and Mathematical Texts in the Old Babylonian Kingdom of Larsa -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 The Quantities and Numerical Values Analyzed -- 2.1.2 Larsa, as a Case Study -- 2.1.3 Textual Sources for Prices and Wages -- 2.2 Prices and Wages in Old Babylonian Larsa Texts -- 2.2.1 Prices and Wages in the Inscriptions of the Kings of Larsa -- 2.2.2 Wages in the Hammurabi Code -- 2.2.3 Wages in Mathematical Texts Presumably from the Larsa Area -- 2.2.4 Prices and Wages in Larsa Administrative Tablets -- 2.3 Comparison of the Data Given in the Different Text Types -- 2.3.1 Equivalences of Commodities -- 2.3.2 Wages -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Computation in the Arthaśāstra -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 The Arthaśāstra and Classical Statecraft -- 3.1.2 Computation and the Early Classical State -- 3.2 Assigning Value -- 3.2.1 Measuring -- 3.2.2 Counting (gaṇita) -- 3.2.3 Appraisal (tarka) -- 3.3 Operations and Procedures -- 3.3.1 Increase -- 3.3.2 Decrease -- 3.4 Some Computational Practices in State Administration -- 3.4.1 Inspecting Changes in Volume (2.15.24-37) -- 3.4.2 Determining Fines for Erroneous Weights and Measures (4.2.3-12) -- 3.4.3 Calculating Interest for Coinage Fees (2.12.25-26) -- 3.4.4 Excavating and Constructing Defenses (2.3.4-33) -- 3.4.5 An Overview of Computation and the State -- 3.5 Thinking of Computation in the Arthaśāstra -- 3.5.1 gaṇita) -- 3.5.2 sam + khyā -- 3.5.3 anumāna -- 3.5.4 tarka -- 3.5.5 Other Terms -- 3.6 The Arthaśāstra and Cultures of Computation in Classical India -- References -- Primary Sources -- Secondary Sources -- 4 Official Salaries and State Taxes as Seen in Qin-Han Manuscripts, with a Focus on Mathematical Texts -- Abstract -- 4.1 Sources and Historical Scope.
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|a 4.2 Official Salaries in the Qin-Han Period -- 4.2.1 Rank and Salary of Government Officers -- 4.2.2 The Mathematics of the Payroll -- 4.3 State Tax Collection -- 4.3.1 Primary Forms of Taxation -- 4.3.2 The Collection and Management of Field Taxes -- References -- Pre-1850s Sources, Excavated and Received -- Secondary Sources -- Part II Quantifying Spatial Extension, Quantifying Work -- 5 Insights into the Administration of Ancient Irrigation Systems in Third Millennium BCE Mesopotamia -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Environmental Background -- 5.1.2 Socio-political Background -- 5.1.3 Management of the Agricultural Land in the Province Umma -- 5.1.4 The Agricultural Administrator of the Various Districts -- 5.1.5 The Labor System in the Ur III State -- 5.1.6 Bureaucracy in Ur III Times -- 5.2 Administrative and Computational Steps in the Organization of Irrigation Works -- 5.2.1 Initial Inspection of the Condition of Water Control Devices -- 5.2.2 Surveying Text 3 (YBC 01821) -- 5.2.3 Surveying Text 4 (Um. 1594) -- 5.2.4 Assignment of Work Projects -- 5.2.5 Execution of the Projects -- 5.2.6 Remuneration of Workmen -- 5.3 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Mathematical Computations in the Management of Public Construction Work in Mesopotamia (End of the Third and Beginning of the Second Millennium BCE) -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Mathematical Text Data -- 6.2.1 Labor Norms -- 6.2.2 Coefficients -- 6.2.3 Combined Coefficient Problems -- 6.3 Mathematical Computations in Administrative Texts: Some Examples from the Ur III Period -- 6.3.1 Evidence of the Use of Labor Norms in Ur III Administrative Texts -- 6.3.2 A Provisional Estimation Text for the Construction of a Storehouse -- 6.3.3 Brick Carrier Texts from Garšana -- 6.4 Conclusion -- Appendix: Texts -- References.
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|a 7 The Use of Volume in the Measurement of Grain in Early Imperial China -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Earliest Extant Mathematical Documents from Early Imperial China -- 7.3 Quantifying Volumes -- 7.3.1 The Expression of Amounts of Volume in Early China as Evidenced by Mathematical Documents -- 7.3.2 Geometry and Computation: How Does One Assess the Volume Occupied by an Amount of Grain? -- 7.4 Grain and Volume -- 7.4.1 Volumes of Grain, Unit of Value and Vessels -- 7.4.2 Vessels and Volumes -- 7.4.3 The Use of Volume Computations to Assess the Value of Grain -- 7.4.4 Comparing the Use of Volume and Capacity in the Measurement of Grain -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Quantifying Land and Surfaces -- 8 The Measurement of Fields During the Pre-sargonic Period -- Abstract -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 General Observations -- 8.2.1 Evidence of Land Surveying -- 8.2.2 The Social Framework of Land Surveying -- 8.2.3 Length and Surface Systems -- 8.3 Land Surveying and Geometry -- 8.3.1 Fields Measured as Rectangles -- 8.3.2 The 'Surveyor's Formula' -- 8.4 The Use of Rounding and Approximation -- 8.4.1 Simplification of the Area: Rounding -- 8.4.2 Larger Approximations -- 8.4.3 Some Observations on Rounding-Additive Computation with Tables -- 8.5 The Shape of the Fields-The Sides us2 and saĝ -- 8.6 Conclusion -- Appendix 8.A Excursus-Land Survey Texts from the Umma Region -- Appendix 8.B: Texts Related to Land Surveying from Girsu -- Appendix 8.C: Fields and Area Calculation. Land Surveying in Lagaš -- Appendix 8.D: Data Related to the Fields in Girsu -- Appendix 8.E: Chronology -- Appendix 8.F: Fields' Shapes -- References -- 9 Early-Dynastic Tables from Southern Mesopotamia, or the Multiple Facets of the Quantification of Surfaces -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 On Visual and Textual Aspects of Early Dynastic Tables.
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|a 9.2.1 On Layout -- 9.2.2 On Notations of Measurement Values -- 9.2.3 On Multiplication -- 9.3 Early Dynastic Tables -- 9.4 Tables of Surfaces in a Tabular Format (Texts 1-3) -- 9.4.1 Text 1 (VAT 12593) -- 9.4.2 Text 2 (MS 3047) -- 9.4.3 Text 3 (Feliu 2012) -- 9.4.4 Computation -- 9.4.5 Size of the Fields -- 9.5 Tables of Surfaces as Lists of Clauses (Texts 4 and 5) -- 9.5.1 Text 4 (A 681) -- 9.5.2 Computation -- 9.5.3 Text 5 (CUNES 50-08-001) -- 9.5.4 Organisation of Text 5 -- 9.5.5 Computation -- 9.6 Conclusion -- Appendix 9.A: System G and the Sign GAN2 -- Appendix 9.B: Chronology -- Appendix 9.C: Transliteration and Translation of Text 5 (CUNES 50-08-001) -- References -- Part IV Prices, Rates, Loans and Interests -- 10 Computation Practices of the Assyrian Merchants During the Nineteenth Century BCE -- Abstract -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Numbers and Quantities in the Old Assyrian Archives -- 10.2.1 The Archives of the Assyrian Merchants at Kaneš and Their Context -- 10.2.2 The Notation of Numbers and Quantities as Illustrated by a List of Weights -- 10.3 Conversions -- 10.3.1 Conversions in School Texts -- 10.3.2 Conversions Operated by Merchants in Their Everyday Activities -- 10.3.3 Computations Carried Out in Such Letters: A Combination of Conversions and Additions -- 10.4 Analysis of Conversions -- 10.4.1 Conversions of Gold into Silver -- 10.4.2 Conversions of Tin into Silver -- 10.4.3 General Observations and Clues on Computation Methods -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- Primary Sources -- Secondary Sources -- 11 Connecting a Disconnect Can Evidence for a Scribal Education Be Found in a Professional Setting During the Old Babylonian Period? -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Methodological Note -- 11.1.2 Definitions -- 11.1.3 Equivalency and Value -- 11.1.4 Measurement Values -- 11.2 YBC 7473 -- 11.2.1 The Text and Its Context.
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|a 11.2.2 Transliteration and Translation.
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|a Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.
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|a Online publication
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|d Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2020
|z 9783030483883
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