An Irish Civil War Dugout : Archaeology, History, Memory

1. Verfasser: Dowd, Marion , [VerfasserIn]
Mulraney, Robert , [VerfasserIn]
Bonsall, James , [VerfasserIn]
Ort/Verlag/Jahr: Oxford : Archaeopress, 2024.
Ausgabe: 1st ed.
Umfang/Format: 1 online resource (418 pages)
ISBN: 9781803277707
DOI: 10.32028/9781803277691
Schlagworte:
Archäologie
Online-Zugang: open access
Inhaltsangabe:
  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Information
  • Contents
  • List of figures
  • Figure 1.1 Location of Tormore Cave relative to Sligo town and the IRA base at Rahelly House (James Bonsall).
  • Figure 1.2 The western extent of the Dartry Mountains, as seen from the southwest, showing its principal peaks (Robert Mulraney and James Bonsall).
  • Figure 1.3 Des Gilhawley (front), Chris Branley (middle) and Seán Smith (back) at Tormore Cave in September 2004 on a visit with Joe McGowan, who took the photograph (Des Gilhawley).
  • Figure 1.4 En route to Tormore Cave while filming the RTÉ documentary 'A Lost Son' in 2012, Chris Branley (21.11.1927-19.9.2018) points out the location of a War of Independence dump used to store arms and ammunition. It had been dug into a natural hilloc
  • Figure 1.5 Tormore Cave in May 2013 (Marion Dowd). Excavations in 2022 revealed a series of stone steps concealed by the slope of clay pictured here extending from the entrance to the cave floor below.
  • Figure 1.6 The Tormore Cave Project team at the dugout entrance during archaeological excavations in March 2022. L to R: Marion Dowd, Robert Mulraney and James Bonsall (John P. Cassella).
  • Figure 1.7 Ger Daly with Chris Branley in 2017 (Ger Daly). Ger's grandfather, IRA volunteer Tom Daly from Belleek, County Fermanagh, had known the Branley family in the early 1920s and was familiar with Tormore Cave.
  • Figure 2.1 Principal mountains, valleys and lakes of relevance to the Tormore Cave Project (James Bonsall).
  • Figure 2.2 Locations of the principal villages and townlands relevant to events associated with Tormore Cave (James Bonsall).
  • Figure 2.3 Principal peaks of the Dartry Mountains (Robert Mulraney and James Bonsall).
  • Figure 2.4 The north face of Benbulbin Mountain, showing the stark contrast between the two predominant geological formations in the area: the Upper Dartry Limestone Formation and the Lower Glencar Limestone Formation (Robert Mulraney).
  • Figure 2.5 Location of Tormore Cave within the Swiss Valley as defined by the Geological Survey of Ireland (James Bonsall).
  • Figure 2.6 The Swiss Valley from west, photographed between 1900 and 1939, as it would have appeared during the occupation of Tormore Cave (The Swiss Valley, facing east, photographed by Eason &amp
  • Son
  • courtesy of the National Library of Ireland).
  • Figure 2.7 An overview of the Glencar Valley, facing west, with Glencar Lake partially visible to the left, and the smaller Swiss Valley to the right, running between the cliff face and the hummocks in the centre of the photo (Robert Mulraney).
  • Figure 2.8 The Swiss Valley in Tormore townland, as seen from the west, showing the terracing and scree slopes known as na Carraige ('the rocks') (James Bonsall).
  • Figure 2.9 The Swiss Valley as seen from above. Note the location of Tormore Cave (lower circle) and the 'pyramid' rock (upper circle) (James Bonsall).
  • Figure 2.10 Location of Tormore Cave in the southern part of Tormore townland on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1838. The red line indicates the townland boundary
  • the yellow line demarcates the boundary between County Sligo to the left and County
  • Figure 2.11 The Swiss Valley, from the east, showing rough ground and exposed limestone rock facies (Robert Mulraney).
  • Figure 2.12 The area known as 'na Carraige' is located at a higher elevation, immediately north of Tormore Cave. While very difficult to traverse, it is likely the Tormore Cave men made use of the complex terrain for mounting look-out and defensive statio.
  • Figure 2.13 The principal gullies used by the IRA as access routes from the Glencar Valley to the mountain plateau (James Bonsall).
  • Figure 2.14 Pinnacle Gully, an example example of one of the many parallel gullies that run from the Dartry Mountain plateau to the Glencar Valley. These steep passes were used by the IRA to move large numbers of men across the mountain, most notably in S
  • Figure 2.15 Climbing up to the entrance of Tormore Cave (Robert Mulraney).
  • Figure 2.16 The cliffs of Ballynagalliagh (Robert Mulraney).
  • Figure 2.17 The cave is entered via a narrow gap between the natural cave wall and the intentionally place Entrance Boulder (Robert Mulraney).
  • Figure 2.18 South-facing section of Tormore Cave, derived from the orthorectified photogrammetric model (Liamóg Roche and Robert Mulraney). This sectional perspective shows, to the west ('left'), the hill slope leading to the cave entrance and progressing
  • Figure 2.19 Orthorectified plan of excavation area (Area 1) at pre-excavation stage (Liamóg Roche and Robert Mulraney).
  • Figure 2.20 The exposed ledge which links Tormore Cave with the fragmentary Tormore West Cave (which is located just out of shot and is not visible without a short climb). The men in refuge most likely made use of this area when the weather was less incle
  • Figure 2.21 As this photo from the mid-1980s illustrates, originally there were expansive views from the entrance of Tormore Cave, including to the east, which is not visible today due to forestry plantations (Joe McGowan).
  • Figure 2.22 Location of Tormore Cave in 2021, relative to the trinity knot forestry planted by the Mac Cabe family in 1986 (James Bonsall).
  • Figure 2.23 To the right is Sruth in Aghaidh an Aird, blowing back over the mountain in high winds. The arrow marks the location of Tormore Cave 750m to the southwest of the stream (Robert Mulraney).
  • Figure 2.24 Standing inside Tormore Cave in Area 1 (Robert Mulraney).
  • Figure 3.1 The geographical extent of the I North Sligo Brigade area, showing the location of its constituent battalions during the Civil War (James Bonsall).
  • Figure 3.2 Structure of the 3rd Western Division anti-Treaty IRA on 1 July 1922, at the beginning of the Civil War (Robert Mulraney and James Bonsall).
  • Figure 3.3 Top: Members of the 1st Battalion (Sligo Town), I North Sligo Brigade at a training camp in Castlegal townland on Cope's Mountain in 1922 (Tadhg Kilgannon Collection, Local Studies &amp
  • Archive, Sligo County Library). Indicated is Jack 'Trooper' M
  • Figure 3.4 Senior Republican figures in County Sligo in 1922: a. Divisional Officer Commanding Billy Pilkington (Valerie Harrington)
  • b. Divisional Adjutant Brian MacNeill (UCD School of History and Archives, Europe - CC BY-NC-SA)
  • c. Officer Commanding o
  • Figure 3.5 The anti-Treaty IRA took possession of the No. 1 Barracks on Pearse Road in Sligo town, now Sligo Garda Station, after it had been evacuated by the RIC during the Truce period (Marion Dowd).
  • Figure 3.6 The No. 2 Barracks on Wine Street, now Burke's Pharmacy and Rogers &amp
  • Lyons shoe shop
  • the latter is now closed down (Marion Dowd).
  • Figure 3.7 Cloonamahan House in 1944, before it was demolished to make way for a monastery and church (Passionist Congregation, St Patrick's Province). The house, built in 1856, served as an IRA training camp during the Truce period and was also occupied.
  • Figure 3.8 Positions taken by the anti-Treaty IRA and pro-Treaty IRA at the Arthur Griffith rally in Sligo town on 16 April 1922 (after Bonsall et al. 2022: 59).
  • Figure 3.9 Arthur Griffith arrives in Sligo for the rally of 16 April 1922 (Courtesy of the National Library of Ireland).
  • Figure 3.10 The Imperial Hotel, on left, as it appeared prior to the Griffith rally (Photographed by Tadhg Kilgannon, courtesy of Adrian O'Neill).
  • Figure 3.11 Sligo No. 1 Barracks (now Sligo Garda Station), set alight by the IRA on 1 July 1922 (Photographed by Tadhg Kilgannon, courtesy of Pádraig Kilgannon).
  • Figure 3.12 Rahelly House in 1915 (Bill Barber) and in 2004 (National Inventory of Architectural Heritage), operational base of the 3rd Western Division IRA from 2 July until 18 September 1922.
  • Figure 3.13 Map showing main events related to the Rockwood ambush and Tobernalt ambush (James Bonsall).
  • Figure 3.14 National Army Commandant Seán Adair (O'Daire/Adare) was killed during the IRA ambush led by Frank Carty at Rockwood on 13 July 1922 (Local Studies &amp
  • Archive, Sligo County Library). A year earlier, on 4 May 1921, Adair was involved in the attem
  • Figure 3.15 Location of the Rockwood ambush in Correagh townland. Note memorial plaque to the right of the roadside (Marion Dowd). There are errors on the memorial: four (not six) National Army soldiers were killed at the Rockwood ambush on 13 July 1922 (
  • Figure 3.16 The Ballinalee armoured car, re-named The Wild Rose of Lough Gill following its capture at the Tobernalt ambush. Seated atop the car is IRA volunteer Christy McLynn, as confirmed by his niece, Barbara McLynn. This photograph was taken some tim.
  • Figure 3.17 Most Rev. Dr. Bernard Coyne, Bishop of Elphin (seated in car, wearing a biretta) negotiating with Tom Scanlon (OC 1st Battalion Sligo Town) outside the Harp and Shamrock Hotel on Stephen Street in Sligo town on 14 July 1922 (Bea Kilgannon's Ci.

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